Figure 1: Left: Decision-making problem from the perspective of the subject. The subject needs to find the optimal action based on a cost function and their belief about the state of the world. Right: Inference problem about the subject’s parameters from the perspective of the researcher. The researcher solves the inverse decision-making problem, i.e. they want to infer the posterior distribution over the parameters of the subject’s perception-action system and cost function given a dataset of the subject’s behavior.