Fig. 2: The experimental SEM image of the resulting LIPSS obtained on Au gold surface due to interaction of a single 250 fs laser pulse at the incident fluence of 200 mJ/cm2 (a). Theoretically obtained temperature field distribution inside the Au target of the same experiment with inclusion (b) and discarded (c) ballistic transport. Atomic configuration from the same simulation at t =100ps after the pulse (d). The atoms are colored by Central Symmetry Parameter (CSP) for identification of their local structure: solid < 0.08 < defects < 0.12 < liquid < 0.25 < surface < 0.50 < vapor.